The Sublime: An Analysis

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The Masterpiece: Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps exhibited 1812 by Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775-1851

Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps - J.M.W. Turner
Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps exhibited 1812 Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775-1851 Accepted by the nation as part of the Turner Bequest 1856 http://www.tate.org.uk/art/work/N00490

Deconstructing the Masterpiece

Sublime Nature

The overwhelming power and majesty of nature is depicted through the vast, turbulent snowstorm and towering mountains.

Heroic Scale

The larger-than-life scale of Hannibal and his army emphasizes their epic journey and the challenges they face in crossing the Alps.

Atmospheric Perspective

Turner creates depth and distance through the subtle use of color and light, enhancing the sense of vast, awe-inspiring space.

The Sublime: An Analysis in 10 Minutes

Introduction

Introduction

In the realm of Romanticism, the concept of the Sublime holds a special place as a source of awe, wonder, and even fear. Artists, writers, and thinkers of the Romantic era sought to capture the essence of the Sublime in their works, exploring the power and beauty of nature, as well as the depths of human emotion and experience.Chalk Cliffs On RüGen Caspar David Friedrich

Through their writings, paintings, and music, Romantics delved into the mysteries of the Sublime, seeking to evoke strong emotions and provoke introspection in their audiences. This exploration of the Sublime became a central theme in Romantic art and literature, influencing the way in which artists approached their craft and engaged with the world around them.A Cottage In A Cornfield John Constable

William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth was a key figure in the Romantic movement and his poetry often explored themes of nature, spirituality, and the sublime. His work, including Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, reflects his deep connection to the natural world and his contemplation of the sublime.

John Keats

John Keats

John Keats was another prominent Romantic poet who delved into the concept of the sublime in his work. His odes, such as Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on a Grecian Urn, exemplify his exploration of beauty, mortality, and the transcendent power of art, all elements of the sublime.

Caspar David Friedrich

Caspar David Friedrich

Caspar David Friedrich was a German Romantic painter known for his landscapes that often featured dramatic, awe-inspiring scenes of nature. His work, such as Wanderer above the Sea of Fog, captures the sublime in its depiction of the vastness and power of the natural world.The Wanderer Above The Sea Of Fog Caspar David Friedrich

1. The Emergence of the Sublime

1. The Emergence of the Sublime

Romanticism, a literary and artistic movement that emerged in the late 18th century, embraced the concept of the sublime. The sublime was seen as a way to evoke feelings of awe, fear, and wonder in the audience.Summer Or The Harvest Francisco Goya

2. Nature as a Source of the Sublime

2. Nature as a Source of the Sublime

Nature played a significant role in the Romantic understanding of the sublime. For many Romantic poets and artists, the untamed power and beauty of nature served as a powerful source of inspiration.The Swing Francisco Goya

3. The Sublime in Literature

3. The Sublime in Literature

Many Romantic writers incorporated the sublime into their works through descriptions of vast landscapes, powerful storms, and overwhelming emotions. Writers like William Wordsworth and Mary Shelley used the sublime to evoke a sense of the infinite and the mysterious.Liberty Leading The People Eugene Delacroix

4. The Sublime in Art

4. The Sublime in Art

Artists such as J.M.W. Turner and Caspar David Friedrich captured the sublime in their paintings by depicting dramatic scenes of nature, such as towering mountains and stormy seas. These works aimed to evoke a sense of awe and wonder in the viewer.Drifting Clouds Caspar David Friedrich

5. The Sublime in Music

5. The Sublime in Music

Composers like Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert also explored the sublime in their music, creating powerful and emotionally intense compositions that aimed to evoke a sense of the infinite and the unknowable.

6. Critiques of the Sublime

6. Critiques of the Sublime

While the sublime was a central concept in Romanticism, it also faced criticism from some writers and thinkers. Critics argued that the sublime was overly dramatic and exaggerated, leading to a sense of artificiality in art and literature.The Excavations Of Pompeii Filippo Palizzi

7. Legacy of the Sublime

7. Legacy of the Sublime

Despite the critiques, the concept of the sublime continues to influence art, literature, and music to this day. The idea of evoking feelings of awe and wonder through the depiction of the vast and powerful remains a powerful and enduring theme in the arts.A Storm Shipwreck Jwm Turner

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Lesson Details & Resources

In a Nutshell

  • When: 18th and 19th centuries
  • Characteristics: awe-inspiring, overwhelming, dramatic
  • Key Artists: J.M.W. Turner, Caspar David Friedrich
  • Major Work: “Wanderer above the Sea of Fog” by Caspar David Friedrich

Vocabulary List

Awe
The vastness of the landscape filled the viewer with awe, evoking feelings of the sublime.
Terror
The stormy seas depicted in the painting filled the viewer with terror, creating a sense of the sublime.
Grandeur
The towering mountains displayed a sense of grandeur that inspired feelings of the sublime in the viewer.
Magnificence
The sunset over the ocean was a display of pure magnificence, invoking the sublime in those who witnessed it.
Power
The crashing waves demonstrated the power of nature, creating a sense of the sublime in the viewer.
Overwhelming
The sheer size of the waterfall was overwhelming, evoking a sense of the sublime in those who saw it.
Mystery
The dark forest held an air of mystery that added to the sense of the sublime in the painting.
Infinite
The starry night sky seemed to stretch on infinitely, creating a sense of the sublime in the viewer.
Transcendence
The painting depicted a scene of pure transcendence, evoking feelings of the sublime in the viewer.
Majesty
The regal mountains stood tall and proud, exuding a sense of majesty that inspired the sublime.
Awe-inspiring
The waterfall was truly awe-inspiring, creating a sense of the sublime in all who saw it.
Mystical
The mystical aura of the forest added to the sense of the sublime in the painting.
Overpowering
The storm was overpowering in its intensity, creating a sense of the sublime in those who witnessed it.
Breath-taking
The view from the mountaintop was breath-taking, evoking feelings of the sublime in the viewer.
Awe-struck
The viewer was awe-struck by the beauty of the landscape, experiencing the sublime in that moment.
Overwhelming
The sense of scale in the painting was overwhelming, evoking the sublime in those who viewed it.
Awe-inspiring
The painting was truly awe-inspiring, creating a sense of the sublime in all who beheld it.
Mystical
The mystical quality of the painting added to the sense of the sublime in the viewer.
Incomprehensible
The size of the mountain was incomprehensible, leading the viewer to experience the sublime.
Awe-struck
The viewer was awe-struck by the immensity of the landscape, feeling the sublime in that moment.

Timeline of The Sublime: An Analysis

late 18th century

The Sublime becomes a prominent theme in Romanticism art

1757

Edmund Burke publishes 'A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful'

1790

Immanuel Kant publishes 'Critique of Judgment', discussing the Sublime

early 19th century

Joseph Mallord William Turner creates dramatic and awe-inspiring landscapes in his paintings

1818

Caspar David Friedrich depicts the Sublime in his works, such as 'Wanderer above the Sea of Fog'

early 19th century

John Martin creates apocalyptic and grandiose scenes in his paintings

mid 19th century

The Hudson River School artists capture the Sublime in their landscapes of the American wilderness

1818

The Sublime influences literature, with works like Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' exploring themes of awe and terror

early 19th century

Romantic poets, such as William Wordsworth and Lord Byron, incorporate the Sublime into their writings

19th-20th centuries

The Sublime continues to influence art movements in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as Symbolism and Abstract Expressionism

present day

The Sublime remains a significant theme in contemporary art, with artists exploring the limits of human experience and emotion

Key Facts

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Analysis & Significance

Artistic Innovation

‘The Sublime’ introduced a new approach to landscape painting, emphasizing the awe-inspiring power and beauty of nature. The artwork depicted vast, untamed landscapes with dramatic lighting and extreme weather conditions, evoking a sense of fear and wonder in the viewer. This emotional intensity and focus on the grandeur of the natural world marked a departure from traditional landscape painting.

Influence on Art History

The concept of the sublime in art, as exemplified by this work, had a profound impact on later artists and art movements. It inspired Romantic painters to explore themes of nature, emotion, and the supernatural, leading to the development of a new artistic language that prioritized individual expression and subjective experience. ‘The Sublime’ helped pave the way for the emergence of Romanticism as a dominant cultural movement.

Cultural Significance Today

Today, ‘The Sublime’ remains a powerful and enduring symbol of humanity’s relationship with the natural world. Its evocative portrayal of the sublime continues to resonate with contemporary audiences, reminding us of the awe-inspiring beauty and power of nature. The painting’s ability to evoke a sense of wonder and reverence for the natural world has solidified its status as a masterpiece that continues to captivate viewers around the world.

The Sublime: An Analysis Games

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