Pre-Socratic Philosophy

Unearth the timeless wisdom of the Pre-Socratic philosophers as they delve into the nature of existence and reality.

Ideas

The groundbreaking ideas of Pre-Socratic philosophers such as Thales, Heraclitus, and Parmenides continue to shape modern thought by challenging traditional beliefs and inspiring critical thinking. Their emphasis on questioning assumptions and seeking truth resonates in ethical debates and personal development today.

Philosophers

Pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales and Heraclitus grappled with the fundamental question of the universe's ultimate substance. Thales believed water was the primary element, while Heraclitus argued for constant change through his famous metaphor of the river.

Interactive

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Explore the Lessons

An Analysis of The Milesian School

What if everything is made of a single substance?

An Analysis of Thales and the Concept of Water

Is water the essence of all things in the universe?

An Analysis of Anaximander and the Boundless

What lies beyond the edge of all things known?

An Analysis of Anaximenes and the Air

What if air is the key to understanding the universe?

An Analysis of The Pythagorean School

Unlocking the mysteries of the universe: What truly defines a triangle?

An Analysis of Heraclitus and the Doctrine of Change

Can we step into the same river twice?

An Analysis of Parmenides and the Doctrine of Being

Is existence truly unchanging and eternal, as Parmenides believed?

An Analysis of Zeno’s Paradoxes

Can motion truly exist if everything is always halved?

An Analysis of Empedocles and the Four Elements

Do the elements shape us, or do we shape them?

An Analysis of The Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus

Unveiling the hidden truth: Do atoms compose our reality?

Timeline

6th Century BCE

Thales' Water Theory (Thales)

6th Century BCE

Anaximander's Boundless (Anaximander)

6th Century BCE

Pythagorean Theorem (Pythagoras)

6th Century BCE

Xenophanes' Critique of Homeric Gods (Xenophanes)

6th Century BCE

Heraclitus' Doctrine of Flux (Heraclitus)

5th Century BCE

Parmenides' On Nature (Parmenides)

5th Century BCE

Anaxagoras' Nous (Anaxagoras)

5th Century BCE

Empedocles' Four Elements (Empedocles)

5th Century BCE

Leucippus and Democritus' Atomism (Leucippus and Democritus)

5th Century BCE

Zeno's Paradoxes (Zeno of Elea)

5th Century BCE

Protagoras' Relativism (Protagoras)

5th Century BCE

Gorgias' Rhetoric (Gorgias)

5th Century BCE

Melissus' Infinite Being (Melissus)

5th Century BCE

Philolaus' Central Fire (Philolaus)

5th Century BCE

Anaximenes' Air Theory (Anaximenes)

5th Century BCE

Xenophanes' Monism (Xenophanes)

5th Century BCE

Hippasus' Irrational Numbers (Hippasus)

4th Century BCE

Diogenes of Apollonia's Air as Origin (Diogenes of Apollonia)

4th Century BCE

Archytas' Harmonics (Archytas)

4th Century BCE

Hippias of Elis' Sophistic Teachings (Hippias of Elis)

4th Century BCE

Critias' Moral Relativism (Critias)

4th Century BCE

Antiphon's Materialism (Antiphon)