An Analysis of Explanation
Unravel the mysteries of reality with the power of explanation.
How Do You Learn Best?
Learn by Listening
Start with the 3-minute audio summary to get the key facts and narrative highlights quickly.
Learn by Reading
Immerse yourself in the 10-minute visual lesson for a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Learn by Reviewing
Jump directly to the key facts, timeline, and vocabulary lists to build a solid foundation of details.
Learn by Doing
Challenge yourself! Jump straight into the interactive games to learn by trial, error, and discovery.
Audio Library
As one of our featured lessons, this topic includes premium audio guides.
Unlock the Wizard's Cram Session
This powerful audio study guide is a Pro-exclusive feature. Upgrade to Memory Wizards Pro to access this and all of our premium learning tools.
Upgrade to ProAn Explanation in 10 Minutes
Introduction
Plato
Aristotle
Descartes
Kant
Hume
1. What is Explanation in Philosophy?
2. Types of Explanations
3. The Role of Explanation in Philosophy
4. The Components of a Philosophical Explanation
5. Challenges in Philosophical Explanations
6. The Importance of Clarity in Explanations
7. The Relationship Between Explanation and Understanding
8. The Evolution of Explanatory Theories
9. The Limitations of Explanations
10. The Continual Exploration of Explanation in Philosophy
Lesson Details & Resources
In a Nutshell
- Concept: An epistemological process of making something clear or easy to understand.
- Thinkers: Aristotle, 4th Century BC
- Central Question: How do we make sense of complex ideas?
- Core Implication: Clarity and understanding can be achieved through logical reasoning and articulation.
Timeline of An Explanation
Thales of Miletus proposes water as the fundamental substance of the universe
Plato introduces the theory of forms as the basis of reality
Aristotle develops the concept of causality and the four causes
René Descartes articulates the mind-body dualism in 'Meditations on First Philosophy'
John Locke publishes 'An Essay Concerning Human Understanding' discussing empiricism
Immanuel Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason' explores the limits of human knowledge
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel introduces dialectical reasoning in 'Phenomenology of Spirit'
Arthur Schopenhauer presents his philosophy of the will in 'The World as Will and Representation'
Friedrich Nietzsche publishes 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra' introducing the concept of the Übermensch
Martin Heidegger's 'Being and Time' explores the nature of being and existence
Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' lays out the limits of language and logic
Jean-Paul Sartre's 'Being and Nothingness' delves into existentialist philosophy
Thomas Kuhn publishes 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' challenging the idea of objective truth
Michel Foucault's 'The Order of Things' examines the history of knowledge and classification systems
Richard Rorty advocates for a pragmatist approach to philosophy in 'Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature'
Judith Butler's 'Gender Trouble' introduces the concept of gender performativity
Slavoj Žižek's 'The Sublime Object of Ideology' critiques ideology and cultural production
Sandra Harding's 'The Science Question in Feminism' addresses the intersection of gender and science
Alain Badiou's 'Being and Event' discusses the role of truth and event in philosophy
Kwame Anthony Appiah's 'In My Father's House' explores the relationship between identity and culture
Vocabulary List
- Causality
- The principle that every event has a cause, and that cause leads to an effect.
- Teleology
- The study of purpose or design in nature, often used to explain the existence of certain phenomena.
- Determinism
- The philosophical theory that all events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will.
- Reductionism
- The belief that complex phenomena can be explained by reducing them to simpler or more fundamental components.
- Materialism
- The philosophical belief that only physical matter exists, and that everything can be explained in terms of physical processes.
- Idealism
- The philosophical belief that reality is ultimately mental or spiritual in nature, rather than physical.
- Teleological argument
- An argument for the existence of a divine creator based on the perceived order and purpose in the universe.
- Nomological explanation
- An explanation that appeals to general laws or principles to account for specific events or phenomena.
Key Facts
This is the information used in the fact matching game
- Explanation in philosophy seeks to provide understanding and insight into complex ideas or phenomena.
- Philosophers often use logic and reasoning to construct explanations for various philosophical concepts and arguments.
- Explanations in philosophy can take many forms, including causal explanations, teleological explanations, and conceptual explanations.
- The goal of explanation in philosophy is not just to describe or predict, but to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying principles or reasons for a particular phenomenon.
- Philosophers often distinguish between different types of explanation, such as scientific explanations, metaphysical explanations, and normative explanations.
- Some philosophers argue that explanations must be coherent, consistent, and logically sound in order to be considered valid.
- Explanations in philosophy can involve both empirical evidence and conceptual analysis to support their claims.
- Philosophers often debate the nature of explanation itself, questioning whether explanations are ultimately reducible to simpler principles or if they are irreducibly complex.
- Some philosophers argue that explanations in philosophy are inherently subjective and context-dependent, while others believe in the possibility of objective, universal explanations.
- Explanations in philosophy can help us make sense of the world, understand our place in it, and grapple with fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics.
- Philosophers often use thought experiments and hypothetical scenarios to explore different explanations and test the limits of our understanding.
- Explanations in philosophy can challenge our assumptions, question our beliefs, and push us to think critically about the nature of reality and our place within it.
- Some philosophers argue that explanations in philosophy should be simple, elegant, and parsimonious in order to be considered convincing or persuasive.
- Explanations in philosophy can be used to clarify concepts, resolve disputes, and bridge gaps between different philosophical traditions or perspectives.
- Philosophers often explore the limits of explanation, questioning whether certain phenomena or concepts are ultimately beyond our capacity to fully understand or explain.
- Explanations in philosophy can be formal or informal, deductive or inductive, depending on the nature of the argument and the evidence presented.
- Some philosophers argue that explanations in philosophy are inherently provisional and subject to revision in light of new evidence or insights.
- Explanations in philosophy can be used to justify beliefs, support arguments, and defend positions in debates or discussions.
- Philosophers often grapple with the challenge of providing explanations for phenomena that may be inherently mysterious, paradoxical, or contradictory in nature.
- Explanations in philosophy can shed light on the nature of reality, the limits of human knowledge, and the possibilities for meaningful existence in an uncertain world.
Analysis & Significance
The Core Argument
Explanation in philosophy is the process of clarifying and justifying a belief or claim. It involves breaking down complex ideas into simpler components and providing reasons or evidence to support them. This concept is essential for understanding the foundations of knowledge and the nature of truth.
Criticisms and Counterarguments
Some philosophers argue that explanations can be subjective and open to interpretation, leading to skepticism about the possibility of objective truths. Others criticize the reliance on explanations as a means to justify beliefs, as it may lead to circular reasoning or an infinite regress. These criticisms challenge the reliability and universality of explanations in philosophical discourse.
Modern Relevance
In the age of information overload and fake news, the ability to critically evaluate explanations is more important than ever. Understanding how to analyze and construct sound explanations helps individuals navigate complex ethical dilemmas, make informed decisions in personal life, and engage meaningfully in public discourse. By honing our skills in explanation, we can better discern truth from deception and contribute to a more rational and informed society.
An Explanation Games
Take Your Learning Offline
Want a convenient, print-ready study guide for this lesson? Become a Memory Wizards Pro member to unlock the downloadable " Memory Scrolls" for this topic and our entire library!
- ✓ Complete Vocabulary Lists
- ✓ Key Facts & Timelines
- ✓ Beautifully Formatted for Print & Mobile
