Summary of Continental Congress

Uncover the secrets and struggles behind America's founding fathers.

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Continental Congress in 10 Minutes

Introduction

Introduction

The Continental Congress was a pivotal event in American history that laid the foundation for the United States as we know it today. This gathering of delegates from the thirteen colonies took place during the American Revolutionary War and played a crucial role in shaping the future of the nation. From declaring independence to drafting the Articles of Confederation, the Continental Congress was instrumental in uniting the colonies and setting the stage for a new form of government.

During its tenure, the Continental Congress faced numerous challenges, including financing the war effort, maintaining alliances with foreign powers, and dealing with internal disputes among the colonies. Despite these obstacles, the delegates worked tirelessly to secure the independence of the United States and establish a framework for governance. The Continental Congress also provided a platform for leaders such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin to collaborate and make key decisions that would shape the course of history.

Although the Continental Congress eventually gave way to the formation of the United States Constitution and the establishment of a federal government, its impact on American history cannot be overstated. This brief overview will explore the key events and decisions made during the Continental Congress, shedding light on the significance of this historic gathering and its lasting legacy in shaping the nation.

George Washington

George Washington

George Washington was the president of the Continental Congress and went on to become the first President of the United States. He played a crucial role in guiding the Congress during the Revolutionary War.

John Adams

John Adams

John Adams was a delegate from Massachusetts and played a key role in advocating for independence from British rule. He later became the second President of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence and served as a delegate from Virginia. He later became the third President of the United States.

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was a delegate from Pennsylvania and played a significant role in securing French support for the American Revolution. He was also known for his scientific discoveries and inventions.

John Hancock

John Hancock

John Hancock was the president of the Continental Congress and famously signed the Declaration of Independence with a bold signature. He was a prominent figure in the revolutionary movement.

The First Continental Congress

The First Continental Congress

The Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from the thirteen American colonies which took place in 1774 in Philadelphia. Its purpose was to address grievances against the British government and to discuss potential courses of action.Delegates such as John Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry were in attendance. The Congress ultimately issued a declaration of rights and grievances to King George III.

The Second Continental Congress

The Second Continental Congress

In 1775, the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia to address the escalating conflict between the colonies and Britain. It was during this Congress that George Washington was appointed as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.The Congress also drafted the Declaration of Independence in 1776, officially declaring the colonies' independence from British rule.

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation

In 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation as the first constitution of the United States. This document established a weak central government with most powers reserved for the states.The Articles of Confederation remained in effect until 1789 when they were replaced by the United States Constitution.

The Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris

In 1783, the Continental Congress negotiated the Treaty of Paris, officially ending the American Revolutionary War. This treaty recognized the United States as an independent nation and established the boundaries of the new country.The Treaty of Paris also granted the United States fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland and access to the Mississippi River.

The Northwest Ordinance

The Northwest Ordinance

In 1787, the Continental Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, which established a process for admitting new states to the Union. It also prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.The Northwest Ordinance was considered one of the most significant achievements of the Continental Congress.

The Constitutional Convention

The Constitutional Convention

In 1787, the Continental Congress called for a Constitutional Convention to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Delegates from twelve states gathered in Philadelphia to draft a new constitution.The resulting document, the United States Constitution, was ratified in 1788 and remains the supreme law of the land to this day.

The End of the Continental Congress

The End of the Continental Congress

With the ratification of the United States Constitution, the Continental Congress ceased to exist in 1789. It was replaced by the new federal government established under the Constitution, with the first Congress meeting in New York City.The legacy of the Continental Congress lives on in the founding documents of the United States and the principles of democracy that it helped to establish.

In conclusion, the Continental Congress played a crucial role in the founding of the United States. Through their meetings and decisions, they laid the groundwork for the nation's independence and established the framework for a new government. Their efforts during this time helped to shape the future of the country and set the stage for the creation of the Constitution.Overall, the Continental Congress was a pivotal moment in American history, bringing together delegates from the colonies to unite in their fight against British rule. Their actions and declarations paved the way for the birth of a new nation, one that would go on to become a beacon of freedom and democracy in the world.

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Lesson Details & Resources

In a Nutshell

  • What: A series of meetings held by delegates from the Thirteen Colonies to address grievances with Great Britain.
  • When: 1774-1789
  • Who: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson
  • Outcome: Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation

Famous Figures in the Continental Congress

  • George Washington

    George Washington was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and later became the first President of the United States.

  • John Adams

    John Adams was a prominent lawyer and diplomat who served as the second President of the United States.

  • Thomas Jefferson

    Thomas Jefferson was one of the primary authors of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States.

  • Benjamin Franklin

    Benjamin Franklin was a renowned polymath, inventor, and statesman who played a crucial role in drafting the Declaration of Independence.

  • Samuel Adams

    Samuel Adams was a staunch supporter of American independence and a key organizer of the Boston Tea Party.

  • John Hancock

    John Hancock was the President of the Second Continental Congress and the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

  • John Jay

    John Jay was a diplomat and one of the Founding Fathers who later became the first Chief Justice of the United States.

  • Alexander Hamilton

    Alexander Hamilton was a statesman, economist, and the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.

  • James Madison

    James Madison was a political theorist and the fourth President of the United States, known as the 'Father of the Constitution.'

  • Patrick Henry

    Patrick Henry was an orator and a passionate advocate for American independence, famously delivering the line 'Give me liberty or give me death!'

Timeline of Continental Congress

September 5, 1774

First Continental Congress

October 14, 1774

Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress

March 31, 1774

Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament

April 19, 1775

Battle of Lexington and Concord

May 10, 1775

Second Continental Congress convenes

July 5, 1775

Olive Branch Petition sent to King George III

July 6, 1775

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

June 15, 1775

George Washington appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army

June 17, 1775

Battle of Bunker Hill

January 10, 1776

Common Sense pamphlet published by Thomas Paine

July 4, 1776

Declaration of Independence adopted

November 15, 1777

Articles of Confederation adopted by the Continental Congress

September 19 - October 7, 1777

Battle of Saratoga

December 19, 1777 - June 19, 1778

Valley Forge encampment of the Continental Army

February 6, 1778

Treaty of Alliance with France

September 28 - October 19, 1781

Battle of Yorktown

September 3, 1783

Treaty of Paris signed, officially ending the American Revolutionary War

July 13, 1787

Northwest Ordinance passed by the Continental Congress

May 25, 1787

Constitutional Convention begins in Philadelphia

September 17, 1787

Constitution of the United States ratified by the Continental Congress

Vocabulary List

Continental Congress
The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body during the American Revolution.
Delegates
Delegates were individuals chosen or elected to represent their respective colonies in the Continental Congress.
Revolution
The Continental Congress played a crucial role in the American Revolution, which was a war fought by the colonies against Great Britain for independence.
Colony
The Thirteen Colonies were British colonies in North America that later formed the United States. They were represented in the Continental Congress.
Governing Body
The Continental Congress served as the governing body for the colonies and later for the United States, making important decisions and enacting laws.
Convention
The Continental Congress was a convention where representatives from the colonies would gather to discuss and make decisions on important matters.

Key Facts

This is the information used in the fact matching game

  • The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution.
  • The First Continental Congress was held in 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts imposed by the British Parliament.
  • The Second Continental Congress convened in 1775 and assumed the role of the national government during the Revolutionary War.

  • George Washington was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress.
  • The Declaration of Independence was drafted and adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776.
  • The Continental Congress established the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, in 1777.

  • The Continental Congress authorized the creation of the Continental Navy in 1775, which later became the United States Navy.
  • The Olive Branch Petition, a final attempt at reconciliation with Britain, was sent by the Continental Congress to King George III in 1775.
  • The Continental Congress established the Committee of Five, including Thomas Jefferson, to draft the Declaration of Independence.

  • The Continental Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which established the process for admitting new states to the Union.
  • The Continental Congress served as the temporary national government until the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1789.
  • The Continental Congress established the Continental Association to boycott British goods and put economic pressure on Britain.

  • The Continental Congress authorized the printing of paper money, known as Continental currency, to finance the Revolutionary War.
  • The Continental Congress established a postal system in 1775, which laid the foundation for the modern United States Postal Service.
  • The Continental Congress played a crucial role in coordinating colonial resistance against British rule.

  • The Continental Congress authorized the creation of the Committee of Secret Correspondence, which engaged in covert operations to support the revolution.
  • The Continental Congress negotiated alliances with France and other European powers to gain support for the American Revolution.
  • The Continental Congress established a committee to draft the Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781.

  • The Continental Congress issued the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms in 1775, outlining the reasons for armed resistance against Britain.
  • The Continental Congress adjourned on March 2, 1789, marking the end of its existence as the national government.

Analysis & Significance

Immediate Consequences

The convening of the Continental Congress marked the beginning of organized resistance against British rule in the American colonies. It resulted in the creation of the Continental Association, a unified boycott of British goods, and the establishment of committees to enforce colonial rights and coordinate actions.

Long-Term Impact

The decisions made during the Continental Congress, such as the Declaration of Independence, laid the foundation for the American Revolution and the eventual establishment of the United States as an independent nation. It set the stage for the formation of a new government and the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.

Cultural Significance Today

The Continental Congress is remembered as a pivotal moment in American history that symbolizes the spirit of unity and determination in the face of oppression. It continues to inspire people to stand up for their rights and fight for freedom and democracy. The principles and values established during this time still influence the political and cultural landscape of the United States today.

Continental Congress Games

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